奥斯曼狄斯,阿布辛贝勒神庙是由哪一位法老下令修建的?
奥斯曼狄斯,阿布辛贝勒神庙是由哪一位法老下令修建的?
Ozymandias诗的中文：
奥兹曼迪亚斯（杨绛 译）
雪莱
我遇见一位来自古国的旅人
他说：有两条巨大的石腿
半掩于沙漠之间
近旁的沙土中，有一张破碎的石脸
抿着嘴，蹙着眉，面孔依旧威严
想那雕刻者，必定深谙其人情感
那神态还留在石头上
而斯人已逝，化作尘烟
看那石座上刻着字句：
“我是万王之王,奥兹曼斯迪亚斯
功业盖物,强者折服”
此外，荡然无物
废墟四周，唯余黄沙莽莽
寂寞荒凉，伸展四方
Ozymandias诗的英文赏析如下：
Before reading Ozymandias, I glanced at the writer’s name, Percy Bysshe Shelley, one of the major Romantic poets, whom is not unfamiliar to me. When it comes to Shelley, a famous sentence flashed upon my mind, “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?”
Personally speaking, I really admire Shelley because of his romantic life experience. Also, William Wordsworth appraise Shelley as “One of the best artists of us all”, and Lord Byron, Shelley’s close friend once said of him “Without exception the best and least selfish man I ever knew”.
From the French writer André Maurois’s Biography of Shelley, Shelley is regarded as a character who has strongly tragic fate, he is a rebel by nature, he will not fit into any environment, but his works still concerns the reality.
From all of the lectures, Ozymandias is the poem whom I really admire. When I first read this poem, I seem to enter into a totally different world. It is a scene of utter desolation, only a bust of Ozymandias on a pedestal among the bleak desert.
By means of imagination, I seemed like to stand in the desert, watching the colossal, it is a great masterpiece, still reveals the vigor and strength when Ozymandias ruled his country. The stone must have witnessed many dynasty changes in the course of history. Meanwhile, this historical impression extensively expresses some description which are highly capable of creating mental pictures.
Then I heard the sound, “My name is Ozymandias, king of kings: Look on my works, ye Might, and despair!” the voice whistled through the fierce wind, and makes a person shiver. There is no doubt that the monologue brings out the arrogant and overconfident side of Ozymandias. Ozymandias, who was the king of kings before, was obsessed by power. Even now he became a stone and would be impossible to move, he still remembered his own brilliant merits.
Besides the strong images and imagination, there are also some reason why I like Ozymandias. To some degree, the theme of this poem is ambiguous, which covers many dimensions, and that is why I really admire Ozymandias.
Firstly, this poem can be regarded as the satire aimed at magnates. The king who had absolute power inevitably was in his last throes, and his country drew on rapidly towards destruction in the end, “Nothing beside remains”, “The lone and level sands stretch far away”. At the same time, I think that Shelley wrote this poem for the sake of mocking people who were in authority.
As I know, “Ozymandias” was written in 1818, at which time Shelley may be forced to Italy with Mary and Clare Claremont, the cast off lover of Byron, showing a total disregard to other people and their feelings. On the one hand, Shelley hated so-called conservative rules. On the other hand, he considered that this prejudice was bound to fade away. However, Shelley was able to only represent it to readers by metaphors. In this poetry the king’s voice was a metaphor for the attack. Similarly, these kind of rules and bondage would wear down in the end.
Secondly, this poem reflects that art and beauty can not be everlasting. The sculpture of Ozymandias, as a symbol of beauty, was hard to bear the exposure of rain and wind day after day, only leaving the broken and lifeless debris. By the way, how long could the Ozymandias existed in the desert, and who knew? Faced with the power of time, every perfect thing would become imperfect, time is so strong that can ruin everything.
Thirdly, this poem demonstrates that only time is perpetual, everything including power, artistic beauty even human beings, as time goes by will all be gone. Time is so powerful that it destroys everyone’s brilliant victories. But eventually, no one will escape the fate. No one has the capacity to transcend time.
As the proverb goes: There are a thousand Hamlets in a thousand people's eyes.
There are just three of the ambiguous themes that I have came up with. As for other themes, I do think that Ozymandias likes a highlight, throw off many different aspects which give readers space of imagination to fill in the gap.
Reading some reference materials, I realized that Ozymandias was a Greek name for the Egyptian king Ramesses II (1304-1237 BC.) Records the inscription on the pedestal of his statue (at the Ramesseum, on the other side of Nile river from Luxor ) as “King of kings am I, Ozymandias. If anyone would know how great I am and where I lie, let him surpass one of my works”.
Horace Smith once also wrote a poem describing Ozymandias. Someone considered that they took the same subject, told the same story, even made the same moral point. But from my own perspective, Shelley’s sonnet is more refined than Smith’s. There were different voices appeared in Shelley’s poem. For instance, the king’s voice was high, representing he took charge of power; the sculptor said nothing but he may discern everything; the traveller told the narrator the whole story, and the narrator witnessed the story. To some degree, it's also a suggestive story of people facing an uncertain future, and of a country searching for a new sense of patriotic identity.
Work Cited:
The Poems of Shelley,II: 1817-1819 [London: Pearson, 2000]:311
Trans. C.H,Oldfather, Loeb Classical Library, vol. 33 [Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1961]: I 47
Reiman, Donald H and Sharon B.Powers. Shelley’s Poetry and Prose. Norton 1977.ISBN 0-393-09164-3
André, Maurois. Ariel Ou La Vie Shelly ISBN 7308121836
扩展连接：
珀西·比希·雪莱（英文原名：Percy Bysshe Shelley，公元1792年8月4日—公元1822年7月8日），英国著名作家、浪漫主义诗人，被认为是历史上最出色的英语诗人之一。英国浪漫主义民主诗人、第一位社会主义诗人、小说家、哲学家、散文随笔和政论作家、改革家、柏拉图主义者和理想主义者，受空想社会主义思想影响颇深。
雪莱生于英格兰萨塞克斯郡霍舍姆附近的沃恩汉，12岁进入伊顿公学，1810年进入牛津大学，1811年3月25日由于散发《无神论的必然》，入学不足一年就被牛津大学开除。1813年11月完成叙事长诗《麦布女王》，1818年至1819年完成了两部重要的长诗《解放了的普罗米修斯》和《倩契》，以及其不朽的名作《西风颂》。1822年7月8日逝世。恩格斯称他是“天才预言家”。
“Ozymandias” 是英国浪漫主义诗人雪莱（Percy Bysshe Shelley）写的一首十四行诗，首次发表于1818年1月11日的 The Examiner。第二年，它被收入了Rosalind and Helen, A Modern Eclogue; with Other Poems （1819年）以及他在1826年出版的诗歌的遗作。“Ozymandias”是雪莱最着名的作品，经常被选集。
雪莱在与他的朋友兼诗人霍拉斯史密斯（1779-1849）的友好竞争中写下了这首诗，史密斯也同样以“Ozymandias”写了一首十四行诗，并且在在雪莱的十四行诗之后几周，史密斯的诗也被发表在 The Examiner上。这两首诗都探索了历史的命运和时间的蹂躏：即使是最伟大的人和他们伪造的帝国也是无常的，他们的遗产决定于衰败。
在古代，Ozymandias（Ὀσυμανδύας）是埃及法老拉美西斯二世的希腊名字。雪莱于1817年开始写他的诗，不久之后大英博物馆宣布从公元前13世纪收购了拉美西斯二世雕像的一大片，导致一些学者相信雪莱的灵感来自于此。雕像头部和躯干的7.25吨碎片于1816年被意大利冒险家乔瓦尼巴蒂斯塔贝尔佐尼从底比斯的拉美西斯太平间寺庙中移除。预计它将于1818年抵达伦敦，但直到1821年才到达。
参考资料：
Ozymandias-Wikipedia（维基百科）
珀西·比希·雪莱-百度百科
拉美西斯二世。
神庙建筑群约于公元前1284年开始兴建，为时约20年，直至公元前1264年完成。
这座宏伟的建筑物被称为“受阿蒙宠爱的拉美西斯的神庙”，而这亦是拉美西斯二世在位期间为其最宠爱的妻子──奈菲尔塔莉，在努比亚所兴建六座石建神庙的其中一座，目的是为了向埃及南面努比亚宣示国威，并在该地区巩固埃及宗教的地位。
拉美西斯二世资料：
古埃及第十九王朝法老第三位法老，杰出的政治家、军事家、文学家、诗人、建筑家，其执政时期是埃及新王国最后的强盛年代，也被称为拉美西斯大帝，希腊人称他为奥斯曼狄斯。
拉美西斯二世进行了一系列的远征，以恢复埃及对巴勒斯坦的统治。他在叙利亚与同时代的另一强大帝国赫梯发生利益冲突。双方在前1285年发生一次著名的战役（卡迭石战役）。并于前1283年与赫梯帝国签订和约。
约前1258年，赫梯王国的国王病逝，新任国王哈杜西勒三世继位，两国缔结和约，成为军事同盟。
拉美西斯二世也许是埃及最著名的法老。他对庞大土木工程的热情使埃及各地都留下了他的痕迹，他在阿比多斯和拉美西姆新建许多庙宇；为卡纳克神庙和卢克索神庙增添新结构；兴建了以宏伟著称的阿布辛拜勒神庙。
许多前代法老修建的建筑也被刻上了他的名字。
拉美西斯二世叫比非图。
拉美西斯二世也叫比非图，是塞提一世之子，古埃及第十九王朝法老第三位法老，杰出的政治家、军事家、文学家、诗人、建筑家，其执政时期是埃及新王国最后的强盛年代，也被称为拉美西斯大帝，希腊人称他为奥斯曼狄斯。
拉美西斯二世的传说：
一次，在拉美西斯带着他从被征服的各国得来的大批俘虏回国时，拉美西斯的那个在他离开时曾被他任命为埃及总督的弟弟在佩鲁希昂的达普纳伊迎接拉美西斯，并且请拉美西斯参加宴会，拉美西斯和儿子们都参加了这个宴会。
于是拉美西斯的弟弟便在那一建筑物的四周堆积了大量的薪材，这样做完了之后，就把它点着了。当拉美西斯知道发生了什么事情的时候，他立刻便接受了陪他一道赴宴的他的妻子的忠告，把他们的六个儿子中的两个儿子投到火上作为火焰中的桥梁。
这样就可以使他们其余的人踏过这两个人而逃跑了。拉美西斯照着她的话做了，因此他本人和他其余的孩子便得了救。但他的两个儿子却活活地被烧死了。
拉美西斯二世。
阿布辛贝神庙建于公元前1300－前1233年，古埃及新王国第十九王朝的拉美西斯二世（ Ramses Ⅱ）建造了这座大型岩窟神庙，距今已有3300年的历史了，也是新帝国的法老王时代最受保护的遗迹。
阿布辛贝勒神庙是拉美西斯二世在位期间为其最宠爱的妻子──奈菲尔塔莉，在努比亚所兴建六座石建神庙的其中一座，目的是为了向埃及南面努比亚宣示国威，并在该地区巩固埃及宗教的地位。
法老资料：
古埃及第十九王朝法老第三位法老，杰出的政治家、军事家、文学家、诗人、建筑家，其执政时期是埃及新王国最后的强盛年代，也被称为拉美西斯大帝，希腊人称他为奥斯曼狄斯。
他对庞大土木工程的热情使埃及各地都留下了他的痕迹，他在阿比多斯和拉美西姆新建许多庙宇；为卡纳克神庙和卢克索神庙增添新结构；兴建了以宏伟著称的阿布辛拜勒神庙。
把伤害加到最大。
1、在进入王国之前，先准备好所需的物品，像是治疗药、武器、防具等，以备不时之需。
2、在探索的过程中，要注意与怪物的战斗，把怪物一一击破，最后可以挑战奥斯曼狄斯。
3、在战斗中，要灵活运用技能和道具，注意自己的血量和魔法值，把伤害最大化，最终打败奥斯曼狄斯，从而完成游戏。
